Managing Citrus Fruit Acidity
During the ripening process fruit acids are degraded, the sugar content increases and the sugar/acid ratio reaches a higher value.
A high level of acidity - common in under-ripe fruit - makes the fruit taste sour. Conversely, over-ripe fruits have very low levels of fruit acid and therefore lack characteristic flavor.
For lemons, a higher level of acidity is particularly important. Lemon varieties have between 5-7% (mostly citric acid), compared with around 1% in oranges.
Crop Nutrition and Citrus Fruit Acidity
Nitrogen and potassium increase fruit acidity, whereas calcium and copper will reduce acidity. Other nutrients have little effect.
Nitrogen
In trials, increasing the nitrogen rate to 364Kg/ha significantly improved the TSS/acid ratio of the fruit.
Potassium
Potassium increases the content of organic acids in fruit juice, reducing the TSS/Acid ratio. Thus, the correct potassium regime is important and will differ for the production of sweet oranges, mandarins, or acid lemons.
Copper
While copper deficiencies are rare, trials in India indicate that copper reduces acidity and increases the TSS/Acid ratio in mandarins. Excessive use of copper may delay fruit ripening.
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Role of Nitrogen in Citrus Production
Nitrogen is a key component of enzymes, vitamins, chlorophyll and other cell constituents, which are essential for crop growth and development. Therefore, nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients needed for high citrus crop yields.
Role of Potassium in Citrus Production
Alongside nitrogen, potassium is one of the most important nutrients for citrus production. It is needed for enzyme activation, cell division, photosynthesis, photosynthate transport and osmoregulation.
Role of Copper in Citrus Production
Copper in citrus affects photosynthesis, plant protein production, pollen viability and therefore fruit set, respiration and water use efficiency.
